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| Metrics | Range | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|
| Selected LTM EBITDA Multiple | 8.2x - 9.1x | 8.6x |
| Selected Fwd EBITDA Multiple | 7.8x - 8.7x | 8.2x |
| Fair Value | €58.29 - €64.46 | €61.38 |
| Upside | -26.1% - -18.3% | -22.2% |
| Benchmarks | Ticker | Full Ticker |
| Stora Enso Oyj | SEOF.F | OTCPK:SEOF.F |
| Westlake Corporation | WLK | NYSE:WLK |
| Greif, Inc. | GEF | NYSE:GEF |
| Vulcan Materials Company | VMC | NYSE:VMC |
| Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. | MLM | NYSE:MLM |
| Louisiana-Pacific Corporation | LP3 | DB:LP3 |
| - | - | - |
| Select LTM EBITDA Multiple | |||||||
| Benchmark Companies | |||||||
| SEOF.F | WLK | GEF | VMC | MLM | LP3 | ||
| OTCPK:SEOF.F | NYSE:WLK | NYSE:GEF | NYSE:VMC | NYSE:MLM | DB:LP3 | ||
| Historical EBITDA Growth | |||||||
| 5Y CAGR | -10.4% | 7.4% | 1.3% | 10.8% | 10.5% | 26.9% | |
| 3Y CAGR | -22.4% | -18.7% | -2.6% | 14.9% | 11.5% | -29.2% | |
| Latest Twelve Months | 28.6% | -31.9% | 1.8% | 8.8% | 6.1% | -23.3% | |
| Historical EBITDA Profit Margin | |||||||
| 5 Year Average Margin | 12.0% | 20.9% | 14.2% | 25.5% | 29.5% | 30.1% | |
| Prior Fiscal Year | 5.3% | 17.5% | 16.0% | 25.7% | 31.2% | 17.9% | |
| Latest Fiscal Year | 8.4% | 15.9% | 12.9% | 27.6% | 31.5% | 22.4% | |
| Latest Twelve Months | 8.0% | 11.0% | 13.7% | 28.7% | 32.5% | 19.1% | |
| Current Trading Multiples | |||||||
| EV / LTM Revenue | 1.10x | 1.10x | 1.12x | 5.67x | 6.35x | 2.21x | |
| EV / LTM EBITDA | 13.8x | 10.0x | 8.2x | 19.7x | 19.5x | 11.6x | |
| EV / LTM EBIT | 31.2x | 41.7x | 12.6x | 29.0x | 27.4x | 15.3x | |
| Low | Mid | High | |||||
| Benchmark EV / LTM EBITDA | 8.2x | 13.8x | 19.7x | ||||
| Historical EV / LTM EBITDA | 2.7x | 8.2x | 12.7x | ||||
| Selected EV / LTM EBITDA | 8.2x | 8.6x | 9.1x | ||||
| (x) LTM EBITDA | 549 | 549 | 549 | ||||
| (=) Implied Enterprise Value | 4,503 | 4,740 | 4,977 | ||||
| (-) Non-shareholder Claims * | (27) | (27) | (27) | ||||
| (=) Equity Value | 4,476 | 4,713 | 4,950 | ||||
| (/) Shares Outstanding | 69.6 | 69.6 | 69.6 | ||||
| Implied Value Range | 64.27 | 67.67 | 71.08 | ||||
| FX Rate: USD/EUR | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | Market Price | |||
| Implied Value Range (Trading Cur) | 55.20 | 58.12 | 61.05 | 78.88 | |||
| Upside / (Downside) | -30.0% | -26.3% | -22.6% | ||||
| Equity Waterfall | |||||||
| Benchmark Companies | |||||||
| (in millions) | SEOF.F | WLK | GEF | VMC | MLM | LP3 | |
| Enterprise Value | 10,009 | 12,913 | 6,151 | 43,010 | 42,429 | 6,423 | |
| (+) Cash & Short Term Investments | 1,570 | 2,277 | 253 | 347 | 225 | 333 | |
| (+) Investments & Other | 1,582 | 1,074 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 18 | |
| (-) Debt | (5,688) | (5,620) | (3,073) | (5,512) | (5,809) | (378) | |
| (-) Other Liabilities | 149 | (513) | (172) | (23) | (3) | 0 | |
| (-) Preferred Stock | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| (-) Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Value of Common Equity | 7,622 | 10,131 | 3,158 | 37,856 | 36,842 | 6,396 | |
| (/) Shares Outstanding | 639.8 | 128.2 | 47.5 | 132.1 | 60.3 | 69.6 | |
| Implied Stock Price | 11.91 | 79.00 | 66.54 | 286.52 | 610.92 | 91.84 | |
| FX Conversion Rate to Trading Currency | 0.86 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.16 | |
| Implied Stock Price (Trading Cur) | 13.87 | 79.00 | 66.54 | 286.52 | 610.92 | 78.88 | |
| Trading Currency | USD | USD | USD | USD | USD | EUR | |
| FX Rate to Reporting Currency | 0.86 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.16 | |