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| Metrics | Range | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|
| Selected LTM EBITDA Multiple | 90.2x - 99.7x | 95.0x |
| Selected Fwd EBITDA Multiple | 4.5x - 5.0x | 4.8x |
| Fair Value | €0.55 - €0.74 | €0.65 |
| Upside | -34.5% - -12.6% | -23.5% |
| Benchmarks | Ticker | Full Ticker |
| Celanese Corporation | CE | NYSE:CE |
| Koppers Holdings Inc. | KOP | NYSE:KOP |
| Nutrien Ltd. | NTR | NYSE:NTR |
| Axalta Coating Systems Ltd. | AXTA | NYSE:AXTA |
| Crown Electrokinetics Corp. | CRKN | OTCPK:CRKN |
| Alto Ingredients, Inc. | FPR | DB:FPR |
| - | - | - |
| Select LTM EBITDA Multiple | |||||||
| Benchmark Companies | |||||||
| CE | KOP | NTR | AXTA | CRKN | FPR | ||
| NYSE:CE | NYSE:KOP | NYSE:NTR | NYSE:AXTA | OTCPK:CRKN | DB:FPR | ||
| Historical EBITDA Growth | |||||||
| 5Y CAGR | 5.6% | 5.5% | 4.6% | 2.3% | NM- | 11.8% | |
| 3Y CAGR | -9.5% | 9.5% | -11.4% | 6.2% | NM- | -58.6% | |
| Latest Twelve Months | -2.3% | 4.4% | -1.3% | 8.6% | -65.6% | 170.1% | |
| Historical EBITDA Profit Margin | |||||||
| 5 Year Average Margin | 20.3% | 11.6% | 21.8% | 17.9% | -12438.5% | 1.9% | |
| Prior Fiscal Year | 16.9% | 11.6% | 19.0% | 16.1% | -11716.3% | 0.7% | |
| Latest Fiscal Year | 17.5% | 11.6% | 18.0% | 18.8% | -116.8% | 0.5% | |
| Latest Twelve Months | 17.2% | 12.9% | 18.5% | 19.5% | -132.8% | 0.2% | |
| Current Trading Multiples | |||||||
| EV / LTM Revenue | 1.59x | 0.83x | 1.59x | 1.83x | -0.81x | 0.20x | |
| EV / LTM EBITDA | 9.2x | 6.4x | 8.6x | 9.4x | 0.6x | 113.6x | |
| EV / LTM EBIT | 16.4x | 8.6x | 14.9x | 12.1x | 0.6x | -8.0x | |
| Low | Mid | High | |||||
| Benchmark EV / LTM EBITDA | 0.6x | 8.6x | 9.4x | ||||
| Historical EV / LTM EBITDA | -19.4x | 12.2x | 234.0x | ||||
| Selected EV / LTM EBITDA | 90.2x | 95.0x | 99.7x | ||||
| (x) LTM EBITDA | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| (=) Implied Enterprise Value | 151 | 158 | 166 | ||||
| (-) Non-shareholder Claims * | (109) | (109) | (109) | ||||
| (=) Equity Value | 42 | 49 | 57 | ||||
| (/) Shares Outstanding | 77.4 | 77.4 | 77.4 | ||||
| Implied Value Range | 0.54 | 0.64 | 0.74 | ||||
| FX Rate: USD/EUR | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | Market Price | |||
| Implied Value Range (Trading Cur) | 0.46 | 0.55 | 0.63 | 0.85 | |||
| Upside / (Downside) | -45.8% | -35.5% | -25.1% | ||||
| Equity Waterfall | |||||||
| Benchmark Companies | |||||||
| (in millions) | CE | KOP | NTR | AXTA | CRKN | FPR | |
| Enterprise Value | 15,801 | 1,647 | 39,512 | 9,495 | (18) | 186 | |
| (+) Cash & Short Term Investments | 1,173 | 39 | 1,387 | 625 | 22 | 30 | |
| (+) Investments & Other | 1,263 | 0 | 407 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| (-) Debt | (13,236) | (1,074) | (13,638) | (3,415) | (2) | (139) | |
| (-) Other Liabilities | (428) | (0) | (31) | (46) | 0 | 0 | |
| (-) Preferred Stock | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | |
| (-) Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Value of Common Equity | 4,573 | 612 | 27,637 | 6,660 | 2 | 77 | |
| (/) Shares Outstanding | 109.4 | 19.7 | 485.9 | 216.6 | 3.4 | 77.4 | |
| Implied Stock Price | 41.80 | 31.06 | 56.88 | 30.75 | 0.64 | 0.99 | |
| FX Conversion Rate to Trading Currency | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.17 | |
| Implied Stock Price (Trading Cur) | 41.80 | 31.06 | 56.88 | 30.75 | 0.64 | 0.85 | |
| Trading Currency | USD | USD | USD | USD | USD | EUR | |
| FX Rate to Reporting Currency | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.17 | |