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| Metrics | Range | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|
| Selected LTM Pb Multiple | 1.3x - 1.4x | 1.4x |
| Historical Pb Multiple | 1.8x - 5.9x | 2.5x |
| Fair Value | €2.51 - €2.78 | €2.65 |
| Upside | -22.4% - -14.3% | -18.4% |
| Benchmarks | - | Full Ticker |
| Fiserv, Inc. | - | NYSE:FI |
| WEX Inc. | - | NYSE:WEX |
| PayPal Holdings, Inc. | - | NasdaqGS:PYPL |
| AvidXchange Holdings, Inc. | - | NasdaqGS:AVDX |
| Fidelity National Information Services, Inc. | - | NYSE:FIS |
| Marqeta, Inc. | - | BST:8QJ |
| Select Price / Book Ratio | ||||||||
| Benchmark Companies | ||||||||
| FI | WEX | PYPL | AVDX | FIS | 8QJ | |||
| NYSE:FI | NYSE:WEX | NasdaqGS:PYPL | NasdaqGS:AVDX | NYSE:FIS | BST:8QJ | |||
| Historical Net Income Growth | ||||||||
| 5Y CAGR | 28.5% | 25.6% | 11.0% | NM- | 21.4% | NM- | ||
| 3Y CAGR | 32.9% | 1357.5% | -0.2% | NM- | 35.0% | NM- | ||
| Latest Twelve Months | 2.1% | 16.1% | -2.3% | 117.2% | 56.8% | 112.2% | ||
| Historical Net Income Profit Margin | ||||||||
| 5 Year Average Margin | 11.7% | 3.9% | 14.2% | -37.2% | -45.8% | -22.0% | ||
| Prior Fiscal Year | 16.1% | 10.5% | 14.3% | -12.4% | 5.1% | -33.0% | ||
| Latest Fiscal Year | 15.3% | 11.8% | 13.0% | 1.9% | 7.8% | 5.4% | ||
| Latest Twelve Months | 15.3% | 11.8% | 13.0% | 1.9% | 7.8% | 5.4% | ||
| Return on Equity | ||||||||
| 5 Year Average Margin | 6.9% | 5.6% | 18.8% | -21.0% | 1.4% | -11.4% | ||
| Prior Fiscal Year | 10.1% | 15.4% | 20.5% | -7.2% | 2.2% | -16.4% | ||
| Latest Twelve Months | 11.0% | 18.7% | 20.0% | 1.2% | 4.5% | 2.3% | ||
| Next Fiscal Year | 21.1% | 40.6% | 25.0% | 8.1% | 20.5% | -12.8% | ||
| Two Fiscal Years Forward | 23.7% | 46.1% | 28.7% | 10.6% | 24.7% | -9.9% | ||
| Current Trading Multiples | ||||||||
| Price / LTM Sales | 5.6x | 1.8x | 1.8x | 3.4x | 3.7x | 3.8x | ||
| Price / LTM EPS | 36.9x | 15.3x | 13.7x | 181.2x | 47.8x | 70.6x | ||
| Price / Book | 4.3x | 3.2x | 2.8x | 2.2x | 2.4x | 1.8x | ||
| Price / Fwd Book | 4.1x | 3.2x | 3.0x | 2.2x | 2.6x | 2.3x | ||
| Low | Mid | High | ||||||
| Benchmark P/B Ratio | 2.2x | 2.8x | 4.3x | |||||
| Historical P/B Ratio | 1.8x | 2.5x | 5.9x | |||||
| Selected P/B Multiple | 1.3x | 1.4x | 1.4x | |||||
| (x) Book Value | 1,085 | 1,085 | 1,085 | |||||
| Equity Value | |||||||
| Benchmark Companies | |||||||
| (in millions) | FI | WEX | PYPL | AVDX | FIS | 8QJ | |
| Value of Common Equity | 109,252 | 4,404 | 56,792 | 1,474 | 36,093 | 1,803 | |
| (/) Shares Outstanding | 558.6 | 38.8 | 989.2 | 204.4 | 529.7 | 504.3 | |
| Implied Stock Price | 195.59 | 113.47 | 57.41 | 7.21 | 68.14 | 3.57 | |
| FX Conversion Rate to Trading Currency | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.10 | |
| Implied Stock Price (Trading Cur) | 195.59 | 113.47 | 57.41 | 7.21 | 68.14 | 3.24 | |
| Trading Currency | USD | USD | USD | USD | USD | EUR | |
| FX Rate to Reporting Currency | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.10 | |